Lucien Avramov is a customer support engineer at the Cisco Technical Assistance Center. In this webcast, Lucien covers Data Center Switching with the Cisco Nexus 5000 Series Switches and Nexus 2000 Series Fabric Extenders.
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Here I am going to give u free guidelines, video tutorials for all this certifications. I am working on that.. Expect the free stuffs soon..
Networking videos
Cisco Networking:
Cisco Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ: CSCO, SEHK: 4333) is a multinational corporation with more than 63,000 employees and annual revenue of US$35 billion as of 2007. Headquartered in San Jose, California, it designs and sells networking and communications technology and services under five brands, namely Cisco, Linksys, WebEx, IronPort, and Scientific Atlanta.
Cisco Certifications:
Cisco Career Certifications are IT professional certifications for Cisco products. The tests are administered by Pearson VUE (Prometric previously administered the test; but as of 1 Aug 2007, no longer does).
There are three levels of certification:
* Associate,
* Professional, and
* Expert.
Associate certifications:
* Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
* Cisco Certified Design Associate (CCDA)
Cisco certified network associate (CCNA):
Candidates have the option of gaining the certification by passing two tests (ICND1 640-822 and ICND2 640-816), or one single test (CCNA 640-802); the two-test option has the advantage of allowing the candidate to focus on certain subjects.
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The certification is valid for three years; at that time a CCNA holder must either
* re-take the CCNA or ICND exam, or
* take and pass an exam for one of the Professional (e.g., CCNP) or Specialist level certifications (excluding the sales specialist exams), or pass the CCIE written exam.
These exams are known by their corresponding numbers. When the curriculum of the exam changes the exam number also changes. The current exam number for CCNA is 640-802 (from 15 Aug 2007). New ICND Part1 (640-822 ICND1) and ICND Part2 (640-816 ICND2) available from 15 Aug 2007. Part 1 by itself will give you a CCENT.
These exams are conducted by authorized test centers at a cost of $125 USD each for the ICND1 or ICND2 exams and $150 USD for the full CCNA exam.
There is also the Cisco Networking Academy, which brings the CCNA and CCNP curricula into traditional educational institutions in over 150 countries.Students enrolled in Cisco Networking Academy can request exam vouchers that allow them to take the retired exam for an extended period of time.
Cisco Certified Design Associate (CCDA):
The CCDA certification indicates an apprentice knowledge of Cisco network design. Individuals who have earned a CCDA are capable of designing switched or routed networks consisting of LANs, WANs, and various dial services. While a CCNA certification is not required to take the CCDA exam, Cisco recommends being familiar with CCNA material. Also recommended is knowledge of BCMSN.
Professional certifications:
* Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP)
* Cisco Certified Design Professional (CCDP)
* Cisco Certified Internetwork Professional (CCIP)
* Cisco Certified Security Professional (CCSP)
* Cisco Certified Voice Professional (CCVP)
Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP):
The CCNP is considered proof of having the ability to work with medium-sized networks (between 100 and 500 end devices) and with technology such as QoS, broadband, VPNs, and security-minded features. To acquire a CCNP one must possess a CCNA certification first and then pass three or four tests, depending on the path one chooses. The four tests path requires the candidate to pass the following tests:
* 642-901 BSCI: Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) – Deals with routing
* 642-812 BCMSN: Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN) Deals with switching
* 642-825 ISCW: Implementing Secure Converged Wide Area Networks (ISCW) – Deals with wide area networks
* 642-845 ONT: Optimizing Converged Cisco Networks (ONT) – Deals with using Qos to tune networks to work effectively with IP Telephony.
The BSCI and BCMSN tests can be taken as one single composite test known as the 642-892 Composite which covers subjects for Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) and Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN).
In order to retain the certification one must either re-certify or pass one of the CCIE written exams before the Professional certification expires. Additional resources and tools to aid in preparing for the certification are available on the CCNP Prep Center.
Cisco Certified Design Professional (CCDP):
The CCDP certification is an advanced network design certification provided by Cisco Systems, Inc. Candidates for the certification are tested for advanced knowledge of Cisco devices and the way to interconnect them. This certification is considered a professional level certificate by Cisco Systems. (The CCNA and CCDA are prerequisite.)
Cisco Certified Internetwork Professional (CCIP):
The CCIP certification is a professional certification covering the end-to-end protocols used in large scale networks.
To attain this certification tests must be passed in the areas of routing, BGP, MPLS and Quality of service.
Cisco Certified Security Professional (CCSP):
The CCSP certification is an advanced network security certification. Candidates for the certification are tested for advanced knowledge of various Cisco security products.
To attain this certification several tests must be passed in the areas of VPN, IDS, PIX firewall, Secure IOS, the Cisco SAFE, as well as having a CCNA or higher level certification (e.g. CCNP or CCIP).
The common practice is to take five exams which include one elective paper. The list of exams and elective papers can be found in the Cisco website.
Cisco Certified Voice Professional (CCVP):
The CCVP is a certification covering all aspects of IP Telephony/VOIP networks and applications.
To attain this certification, five tests must be passed in the areas of Quality of service, Cisco VoIP, IP Telephony Troubleshooting, Cisco IP Telephony, and Gateway Gatekeeper.
Expert-level certifications:
The expert-level certification is the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE). It is the highest level of professional certification that Cisco provides. There are 5 active CCIE tracks, as shown below. As of April 6, 2008 there are 16,335 people with active CCIE certifications in the world.
Cisco began its CCIE program in 1993 originally with a two day lab, later changing it to the one day format used today. Fewer than 3% of Cisco certified individuals attain CCIE certification, and on average will spend thousands of dollars and 18 months studying before passing. Many candidates build mock-labs at home using old Cisco equipment, selling it again to other candidates after passing. Alternatively candidates may rent “rack time” online and practice lab scenarios on Cisco equipment hosted on the Internet for that purpose.
Cisco refers to the CCIE as the “most respected IT certification”, and from 2002 to 2005 it was voted as such in CertCities magazine. It has also been voted the most technically advanced IT certification by CertMag, and is generally reported as the highest salaried certification in IT salary surveys.
The CCIE is comprised of a written exam and a “lab” exam (each in the specific area of the chosen track). The written exam is required to take the lab exam, and has a cost of $315 USD per attempt. Upon passing the written exam, the candidate is qualified to have a first attempt the lab exam for 18 months. If the first attempt is unsuccessful the candidate has 3 years from the date the written exam was passed to successfully complete the lab. If a candidate does not pass the CCIE lab in that time, they must pass the CCIE written exam again before making additional attempts at the CCIE lab exam. As many attempts can be made to pass the lab exam for up to 3 years after passing the written, so long as the first attempt is within 18 months. There is a minimum waiting time between attempts of one month.
The CCIE Lab is currently $1,400 USD per attempt and are offered only at ten Cisco lab exam locations worldwide. The locations are Bangalore; Beijing; Brussels; Dubai; Hong Kong; Research Triangle Park, NC; San Jose, CA; São Paulo; Sydney; and Tokyo. Some CCIE tracks do not have lab exams available at all locations. For example, the Storage Networking lab is available only at the Research Triangle Park, NC and Brussels locations. In addition, according to a survey by Cisco the average cost to prepare for CCIE certification is $9,050 as of April 2006, spent mostly on practice equipment and self study material.This is partially offset by the increased salary the certification commands, which a March 2007 Network World article estimates at 10% – 15% over similarly experienced engineers who do not have a CCIE.
The lab is an 8-hour hands-on exam designed to demonstrate that the candidate not only knows the theory, but is also able to practice it. Many prospective CCIEs need multiple attempts to pass the lab exam.
There are no formal prerequisites for the CCIE exam, but Cisco recommends one has at least 3 – 5 years experience in networking before attempting to become a CCIE. CCIE was the first Cisco Certified qualification, and as such there were no other certifications that could be taken prior. The development of the associate and professional certifications was due to recognition of the fact that a CCIE is overkill for many networking personnel, and also for the vast majority of businesses who employ such people, and that certifications needed to be offered at lower levels. Despite the development of the lower certifications, Cisco has chosen not to make them formal requirements for the CCIE certification.
It is possible to hold multiple CCIE certifications. This is done by passing both the written and the lab exam in a particular track. As of November 14th, 2007 there are 1,344 individuals who hold multiple CCIE certifications. Of those, 210 hold three or more CCIE certifications.
* CCIE Numbering
* CCIE Routing & Switching
* CCIE Security
* CCIE Service Provider
* CCIE Voice
* CCIE Storage Networking
* CCDE
CCIE Numbering:
Upon successful completion of the hands on lab exam, a new CCIE is awarded a CCIE number. The first CCIE number allocated (in 1993) was 1024, and has increased incrementally from there. A lower number indicates that the CCIE was awarded some time back, a higher number indicated a more recently awarded certification. As of February 2008, the highest CCIE number allocated was just over 20000.
Number 1024 was allocated to the first CCIE lab location, rather than to an individual, and featured as a plaque at the entrance to the lab. Number 1025 was awarded to Stuart Biggs, who created the first written exam and first lab exam. The first person to pass both CCIE written and lab exams was Terrance Slattery, who was consulting to Cisco at the time when the lab was being devised. Terry Slattery (CCIE 1026) was therefore the first CCIE who passed both exams, and the first CCIE who was not an employee of Cisco.
Any CCIE who obtains further CCIE certifications, is not awarded any further numbers, the new CCIE certification is awarded under the same number as the original.
CCIE Routing & Switching:
Routing and Switching is by far the most popular track with 16,355 certified individuals as of March 25, 2008. The certification covers a variety of networking concepts and protocols including but not limited to the following list
1. Routing and Switching
* Frame Relay
* Ethernet
* Catalyst Switch Configuration
2. IP Interior Gateway Routing Protocols
* Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
* Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
* Routing Information Protocol v2 (RIPv2)
* Routing Information Protocol Next Generation (RIPng) – IPv6
* Open Shortest Path First v3 (OSPFv3) – IPv6
* On-Demand Routing (ODR)
* Filtering, Summarization, Redistribution
3. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
* Interior BGP (iBGP)
* Exterior BGP (eBGP)
* Filtering, Summarization, Redistribution, and Traffic Engineering
4. Multicast Routing
* Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)
* Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)
* Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP)
* Anycast
5. Quality of Service (QoS)
* Classification
* Congestion Management and Avoidance
* Policing and Shaping
* Signaling
6. Security
* Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA)
* Traffic Filtering
* IOS Firewall Feature Set
* Access Lists
* Routing Protocol and Catalyst Security
7. IP and IOS Features
* IP addressing
* Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
* Next Hop Redundancy Protocols (HSRP, VRRP, GLBP)
* IP services
* IOS user interfaces
* System management
* Network Address Translation (NAT)
* Network Time Protocol (NTP)
* Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
* Remote Monitoring (RMON)
* IP Accounting
* Service Level Agreement (SLA)
CCIE Security:
The Security track concentrates on network security and covers subjects such as ASA, IDS, IOS security, and many others.
CCIE Service Provider:
The Service Provider track focuses on networking in the service provider industry. Subjects include Optical networks, DSL, WAN switching, Voice over IP, Content Networking, Broadband Cable and Metro Ethernet.
CCIE Voice:
The Voice track concentrates on voice solutions for the enterprise and includes subjects such as QoS, MGCP, Call Manager (Cisco’s VoIP PBX), Cisco Unity (Cisco’s Unified Messaging platform), Unity Express and IP Contact Center Express.
CCIE Storage Networking:
The latest addition to the CCIE certification tracks is the CCIE Storage Networking track. As the name suggests, the Storage Networking track concentrates on storage networking topics, such as Fibre Channel, iSCSI, FCIP, Intra VSAN Routing and FICON.
CCDE:
Cisco Certified Design Expert CCDE Assesses advanced Network Infrastructure Design Principles and Fundamentals for large networks. A CCDE can demonstrate an ability to develop solutions which address planning, design, integration, optimization, operations, security and ongoing support focused at the infrastructure level for customer networks.
Prerequisites for CCDE There are no formal prerequisites for CCDE certification. Other professional certifications or training courses are not required.
Recommended Training and Experience It is expected that the candidate will have an in-depth understanding of the topics in the exam blueprints, a minimum of seven years job experience, and a thorough understanding of networking infrastructure principles. Please view the written exam information page for more details.
Step One: CCDE Written Exam You must pass the two-hour, written qualification exam which covers advanced networking infrastructure design principles and concepts. Once you pass the qualification exam, you are them eligible to schedule the practical exam.
Step Two: CCDE Practical Exam The CCDE practical exam is still in development, however it will be an eight-hour exam that will test your ability to identify, manage, and create advanced solutions for large scale networks. You must pass the lab within three years of passing the written exam in order to achieve certification.
Here I am going to give u free guidelines, video tutorials for all this certifications. I am working on that.. Expect the free stuffs soon..
Do specialized job roles in voice technologies like voice technologies administrator, voice engineer, and voice manager interest you and you wish to take them up as your career? If yes, you may go for CCNA voice training or CCNA voice courses. CCNA certifications, such as CCNA voice training certification or CCNA wireless certification enhance a professional’s reputation in the eyes of the IT companies because CCNA certifications and trainings validate a professional’s skills and he can be trusted upon by the companies for offering good performance.
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CCNA or Cisco Certified Network Associate training establishes a person’s ability to install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot enterprise level router and switched networks. CCNA training also includes design implementation and verification of connections to remote sites in a WAN. On the other hand, the new CCNA training includes basic mitigation of security threats, introduction to wireless networking and CCNA voice training.
The Cisco CCNA Voice training confirms a person’s skills in VoIP technologies like IP PBX, IP telephony, handset, call control, and voicemail solutions. CCNA voice training also gives the candidates an exposure to the Cisco Unified Communications architecture and design covering mobility, presence, and TelePresence applications. The CCNA Voice training involves implementing Cisco IOS Unified Communications.
The CCNA Voice certification is earned by passing the 640-460 IIUC (Implementing Cisco IOS Unified Communications) or 642-436 CVOICE (Cisco Voice Over IP) exams.
In addition to CCNA voice training, IT professionals can also go in for (Cisco Certified Network Professional) CCNP courses. The CCNP training courses validate a candidate’s knowledge and skills required for installing, configuring, and troubleshooting converged local and wide area networks with 100 to 500 or more end devices. A valid CCNA certification is a prerequisite for obtaining and maintaining a CCNP certification.
A professional with CCNP training is considered to have the ability of working with medium-sized networks with technology, such as VPNs, QoS, broadband, and security-minded features. In addition to CCNA exams, professionals must pass either four separate exams, or a composite exam along with two separate exams for becoming a CCNP certified professional.
One name than can be trusted for taking CCNA voice training is Pro Net Expert. For more information on CCNA voice training, CCNA voice courses or CCNP training, log on to Certkingdom.com
OSI Reference
1. Identify and describe the functions of each of the seven layers of the OSI reference model.
Physical Layer
The physical layer defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between communicating network systems. Physical layer specifications define such characteristics as voltage levels, timing of voltage changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, and the physical connectors to be used.
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Data Link Layer
The data link layer provides reliable transit of data across a physical network link. Different data link layer specifications define different network and protocol characteristics, including the following:
Physical addressing — Physical addressing (as opposed to network addressing) defines how devices are addressed at the data link layer.
Network topology — Data link layer specifications often define how devices are to be physically connected (such as in a bus or a ring topology).
Error notification — Error notification involves alerting upper layer protocols that a transmission error has occurred.
Sequencing of frames — Sequencing of data frames involves the reordering of frames that are transmitted out of sequence.
Flow control — Flow control involves moderating the transmission of data so that the receiving device is not overwhelmed with more traffic than it can handle at one time.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has subdivided the data link layer into two sublayers: Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC).
The LLC sublayer (defined in the IEEE 802.2 specification) manages communications between devices over a single link of a network.
The MAC sublayer manages protocol access to the physical network medium. Network Layer The network layer provides routing and related functions that allow multiple data links to be combined into an internetwork. This is accomplished by the logical addressing (as opposed to the physical addressing) of devices. The network layer supports both connection-oriented and connectionless service from higher-layer protocols.
Transport Layer
The transport layer implements reliable internetwork data transport services that are transparent to upper layers. Transport layer functions typically include the following:
Flow control — Flow control manages data transmission between devices so that the transmitting device does not send more data than the receiving device can process.
Multiplexing — Multiplexing allows data from several applications to be transmitted onto a single physical link.
Virtual circuit management — Virtual circuits are established, maintained, and terminated by the transport layer.
Error checking and recovery — Error checking involves various mechanisms for detecting transmission errors. Error recovery involves taking an action (such as requesting that data be retransmitted) to resolve any errors that occur.
Some examples of transport layer implementations follow:
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Name Binding Protocol (NBP), OSI transport protocols Session Layer
The session layer establishes, manages, and terminates communication sessions between presentation layer entities. Communication sessions consist of service requests and service responses that occur between applications located in different network devices. These requests and responses are coordinated by protocols implemented at the session layer. Some examples of session layer implementations follow:
Apple ZIP, DEC SCP, NFS, SQL, RPC, X Windows, ASP
Presentation Layer
The presentation layer provides a variety of coding and conversion functions that are applied to application layer data. These functions ensure that information sent from the application layer of one system will be readable by the application layer of another system. Some examples of presentation layer coding and conversion schemes follow:
Common data representation formats — The use of standard image, sound, and video formats allow the interchange of application data between different types of computer systems. (JPEG, MPEG, GIF, …) Conversion of character representation formats — Conversion schemes are used to exchange information with systems using different text and data representations (such as EBCDIC and ASCII).
Common data compression schemes — The use of standard data compression schemes allows data that is compressed at the source device to be properly decompressed at the destination. Common data encryption schemes — The use of standard data encryption schemes allows data encrypted at the source device to be properly unencrypted at the destination
Presentation layer implementations are not typically associated with a particular protocol stack.
Some well known standards follow:
Data: ASCII, EBCDIC, Encryption
Visual Imaging: PICT, TIFF, GIF, JPEG
Video: MIDI, MPEG, QuickTime
Application Layer
The application layer interacts with software applications that implement a communicating component. Application layer functions typically include the following:
Identifying communication partners — The application layer identifies and determines the availability of communication partners for an application with data to transmit. Determining resource availability — The application layer must determine whether sufficient
network resources for the requested communication are available.
Synchronizing communication — Communication between applications requires cooperation that is managed by the application layer.
The application layer is the OSI layer closest to the end user. That is, both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the software application. Some examples of application layer implementations:
TCP/IP applications — TCP/IP applications are protocols in the Internet Protocol suite, such as Telnet, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). OSI applications — OSI applications are protocols in the OSI suite such as File Transfer, Access, and Management (FTAM), Virtual Terminal Protocol (VTP), and Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP).
2. Describe connection-oriented network service and connectionless network service and identify the key differences between them.
Connection-Oriented Network Service Connection-oriented service involves three phases: Connection establishment — During the connection establishment phase, a single path between the source and destination systems is determined. Network resources are typically reserved at this time to ensure a consistent grade of service (such as a guaranteed throughput rate). Data transfer — During the data transfer phase, data is transmitted sequentially over the path that has been established. Data always arrives at the destination system in the order in which it was sent.
Connection termination — During the connection termination phase, an established connection that is no longer needed is terminated. Further communication between the source and destination systems requires that a new connection be established.
If Cisco precision is your aspiration, as good as you’ve not nonetheless worked with routers or network switches, a chances have been your initial march should be a CCNA training. This educates we in a compulsory skills to set up as good as say routers. The internet is assembled from outrageous numbers of routers, as good as inhabitant or general corporations with many locations additionally utilize routers to concede their networks to speak to any other.
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The arrange of jobs accessible with this sort of gift meant you’ll many substantially work for vast companies which have assorted opposite locations though need their mechanism networks to speak to any other. The alternative probability is being in use by an internet use provider. Jobs requiring these skills have been abundant as good as good remunerated.
Qualifying up to a CCNA turn is where we should be aiming; during this theatre equivocate being tempted to do a CCNP. Once you’ve worked for a couple of years, we can confirm if it’s applicable for we to have this subsequent turn up. If so, we will have grown a skills we need for a CCNP – as it’s a unequivocally formidable march – as good as shouldn’t be taken lightly.
A ridiculously vast series of organisations usually demeanour during a board to cling to upon your wall, as good as dont consider about a reasons for removing there – removing yourself a latest pursuit or career. Always proceed with a finish in thoughts – do not have a tour some-more critical than where we wish to get to. Never let yourself turn partial of a organisation who select a precision module which sounds unequivocally ‘interesting’ as good as ‘fun’ – as good as get to a last jump of an accreditation for something they’ll never enjoy.
It’s a good thought to assimilate a expect expectations attention will have. Which accurate exams you’ll be compulsory to have as good as in what approach we can benefit a small attention experience. You should additionally outlay a small time assessing how distant we consider you’ll wish to go as it might start your preference of qualifications. It’s good recommendation for all students to discuss with an attention veteran prior to they have a preference upon a sold investigate course. This is necessary to safeguard it contains a applicable skills for a selected career.
We can see an additional of veteran positions up for grabs in a IT industry. Finding a sold a single for yourself can be unequivocally difficult. After all, if you’ve got no knowledge in a IT sector, how have been we versed to know what any competent IT workman spends their day doing? How can we presumably select what tutorial trail will be many befitting for success. Getting to any kind of right end unequivocally usually appears from a consummate research of multiform varying pass points:
* Your hobbies as good as interests – these can uncover a possibilities will yield a happy operative life.
* Why it seems right stepping in to computing – is it to strike a sold idea similar to being self-employed for example.
* The income mandate which have been critical to you?
* With all which IT encompasses, it’s critical to be means to take in what’s different.
* It’s correct to outlay a small time meditative about a volume of time as good as bid you’re starting to deposit in a accreditation program.
For many of us, dissecting all these ideas tends to need a assistance of a veteran which has approach attention experience. And we’re not usually articulate about a accreditations – though additionally a blurb expectations as good as needs of a marketplace as well.
One utilitarian use supposing by many trainers is a Job Placement Assistance program. This is written to assistance we get your initial blurb position. Often, this underline is bigged up as good much, since it’s unequivocally not which formidable for good competent as good as focused group as good as women to land work in IT – as there is such a necessity of good lerned people.
However, what is applicable is to have CV as good as Interview recommendation as good as await though; as good as we’d inspire everybody to move their CV up to date right during a commencement of their precision – do not suspend as good as leave it until you’ve graduated or upheld any exams. Getting onto a ‘maybe’ raise of CV’s is distant improved than not even being good known about. Many youth positions have been since to people (who’ve usually usually left initial base.) The many fit companies to assistance we land which pursuit have been many mostly internal IT focused practice agencies. As they’re penetrating to place we to embrace their commission, they have some-more inducement to get upon with it.
Many students, it seems, deposit a good understanding of time upon their precision march (for years sometimes), usually to give up during a initial jump when attempting to secure a job. Market yourself… Make an bid to let employers know about you. Good jobs do not usually hit upon your door.
Coming opposite pursuit confidence today is incredibly rare. Businesses often dump us out of a workplace during a moment’s notice – during your convenience it suits. But a marketplace with tall growth, with outrageous staffing final (because of a large necessity of scrupulously competent workers), opens a probability of genuine pursuit security.
With a IT zone as an example, a pass e-Skills review brought to light vital skills shortages opposite a UK of over twenty-six percent. So, for each 4 jobs which exist opposite IT, businesses can usually fix up sufficient competent people for 3 of a four. Gaining a suitable blurb IT accreditation is as a outcome a discerning track to a long-term as good as appreciative livelihood. As a Information Technology marketplace is augmenting during a speed it is, there unequivocally isn’t any alternative area of attention value questioning for your latest career.
CCNA is a Cisco Certified Network Associate where the person is checked on the networking capability. It is a certification course which is offered to people on a large basis and at the same time the degree in CCNA has a worth. Its worth is being increased day by day and more of the people are planning to indulge themselves into such an act. This is the certification which is being offered by the Cisco. CCNA is a second level phase in the entire degree. For this phase to occur the person must have to complete its phase first. This is the certification level which checks people on the basis of installing a program and then how could it run.
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This also judges people on the basis of trouble shooting, operating and configuring different files and documents. CCNA is the degree which provides people which excellent computer skills so that they can be helpful for them in their entire future life. However looking onto the passing phase of the CCNA, so in this regard the person first must have to pass the Cisco exam which a good score and then he could be entered into the CCNA exam. The exam pattern and syllabus for both the levels is somehow a bit different.
Further they also test people on security threats, wireless networking, how do the wireless networks work and what other measures could be used in order to protect a certain device from being a victim of security threats. On the other hand the skills are also checked which are based on their performance. Different other computer skills are also offered by them and on the other hand it has also been found out that no specific prerequisite exists for the CCNA exam but the certification is provided to people on the basis of score in the Cisco exam. Moreover in order to complete the test, the person is provided with 90 minutes which is 1.5 hours. In order to register for this test the person has to provide his entire and complete data to the company on its website and thus the registration takes place in an online form. For getting registered the person also has to pay some sort of fee.
It has also been said that the questions which appear in the exam of CCNA are based on Introduction to Cisco Networking Techniques and Interconnection Cisco Network Devices. The selection criteria for this exam is based on that how much knowledge is possessed by the person regarding the computer skills and its other software’s and their usage rate as well. However the exam syllabus which had been determined by Cisco is Determining IP Routs, Extending Switched Networks, establishment of Frame relay connections and how to manage the IP traffic with access lists. An individual who is appearing for this exam must have a strong grip on all these topics in order to pass the exam with good and manageable scores. The course list has been designed by the Cisco itself.
Demand-dial routing is the MCSE 2003 of an on-demand connection between two net-works. When a client computer directs communications to another network, a routing device initiates a connection with the other network. Site-to-site VPNs can be created by using a demand-dial connection and a VPN tunneling protocol to create a compul-sory tunnel (a tunnel that must be used if data travels this path) in response to a client request to route data between two networks. This can be accomplished by:
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Important Demand-dial routing is also referred to as gateway-to-gateway VPN, router-to-router VPN, or site-to-site VPN. In this book, the VPN configuration that uses demand-dial rout?ing will be referred to as a site-to-site VPN, and the connection type will be called demand-dial routing. In this book, the term demand-dial routing is the same as saying site-to-site VPN, but you should realize that demand-dial routing can exist without the protection of a compulsory tunnel. Also, note that the VPN server used as part of a demand-dial connection is called a VPN router, and the VPN server to which clients connect by using VPN client software is called a remote access VPN server.
Providing two VPN servers—one on the perimeter of each network and then configuring at least one of them to connect to the other and create the tunnel
when a connection request is made.
Providing two VPN servers—one at each location with MCSE Certification a dial-up connection to an ISP—and then configuring at least one of them to connect to the other and create the tunnel when a connection request is made.
A remote access VPN requires the client computer to have VPN software and a VPN tunneling protocol installed, and it requires that the client request a VPN connection. The site-to-site demand-dial VPN does not. Instead, the two VPN servers create the VPN. One of them, the calling router, acts as if it were the VPN client.
The client computer is unaware that anything different than normal data transfer is occurring. On the other side of the connection, the answer?ing VPN router decrypts and routes the packet to its destination on its network. No tunnel is present and no encryption of the data is performed—as it travels from the VPN router to the destination computer.
Although demand-dial routing was originally conceived as a link between two net?works that occurs over a public telephone system (and still can be operated as one), demand-dial routing can occur over an IP internetwork by creating a connection between two VPN servers using IP addressing. In addition, although the original demand-dial connections created the tunnel in response to a client request for connection to the end network and disconnected at the end of the session, demand-dial rout?ing with Windows Server 2003 can maintain a connection even when no client requires data transfer. Communications over the site-to-site VPN can thus be either on-demand or persistent. The following additional information about CCNA certification essential data you might need to use in designing secure demand-dial routing.
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Computer Science degrees are offered at hundreds, if not thousands of colleges across the country for a good reason; the demand for computer experts has never been higher. In fact, the need for computer scientists will continue to rise through at least 2015 according to the United State Department of Labor’s 2006 report on career growth.
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What many people don’t realize is that part of the hiring increase of the future in the computer sciences area includes a trend toward more specialization. According to the Department of Labor’s Occupational Outlook Handbook, “The explosive use of computers has created a high demand for specialists to provide advice to users, as well as for day-to-day administration, maintenance, and support of computer systems and networks.”
When considering a career in the computer sciences, you should consider colleges and universities that offer a variety of programs under the umbrella of either computer science degrees or information technology degrees, as the terms are interchangeable. Look to see if the school offers just one degree or if they offer several different specializations. Ideally, a school should offer at least three bachelor’s degrees that are more tightly focused, such as Computer Programming, Network Engineering or Database Administration, all of which would fall under Management Information Systems (MIS).
The Department of Labor’s report also recommends that anyone pursuing a computer science degree be sure to pursue ongoing education after a degree is achieved and a job is landed. Because of the rapidly changing face of computing, it’s essential that anyone working in this industry continue to build on his education by getting additional certifications and adding new skills every few years.
Find a college that also offers ongoing certifications that are licensed by leaders in the industry, such as Microsoft’s various programs, Cisco’s CCNA and Net+. Knowing that you can return to your alma mater for continuing education is a great way to ensure that your certification courses will be of the same high caliber as your undergraduate classes.
Outlook is Good for Properly Trained Specialists
The Occupational Outlook Handbook of 2006 is adamant in its belief that there is no end in sight to the increasing need for computer specialists. It lists numerous specific titles that require intense training in particular areas, including:
Computer Systems Analysts
Computer Programmers
Software Engineers/Developers (consistently growing as businesses continue to require new, highly specialized software to suit their needs)
Database Administrators
Computer Support Specialists
Data Communication Analysts/Webmasters (increasingly popular in retail as more businesses open online, virtual storefronts)
Computer Systems Administrators (expected to be one of the fastest growing careers in the next five years)
Cyber Security (a relatively new field that has taken off like a rocket as online terrorism and corporate espionage has increasingly threatened corporate computer systems)
The best computer science degree programs will not only include a wide range of specializations, but will also offer different types of degrees as well. Ideally, a college should offer Associate’s, Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees along with various types of certification. This will help guarantee that the teaching staff is current on all the latest advancements and also giving you the most educational options. With computer training being in such high demand, you may even find that you can get a great job with one degree and get reimbursement through your employer to pursue a higher-level degree.
With so many reasons to go into the computer sciences and so many highly specialized career options available, pursuing one of the many specialized computer science degrees now offered is a great investment in your future.
Cisco’s Flip Video today rolled out an all-new line of UltraHD and MinoHD video cameras. These new video cameras feature Flip Video simplicity, enhanced HD video quality, hardware-based image stabilization, expanded product personalization options, and more ways to share video using pre-loaded FlipShare software.
Flip also announced today Designed for Flip, a new program offering accessories from a wide range of partners that include everything from wide angle lenses and external microphones to battery chargers and a portable projector.
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A key component of the Designed for Flip initiative is a new Flip Video feature called FlipPort. The FlipPort is a uniquely developed connector found on the bottom of the new Flip UltraHD 8 GB/2 hour video camera that will become a standard feature on future generations of Flip video cameras. The FlipPort, will allow a range of specialized accessories to easily plug right in to Flip video cameras and open up a world of new uses and creativity for consumers. This includes external storage designed by Seagate.
“This is without question the best line of Flip Video cameras we’ve ever created,” said Jonathan Kaplan, senior vice president and general manager of Cisco Consumer Products. “The new line combines Flip simplicity, affordability and fun with truly breakthrough video quality, image stabilization, and unlimited personalization options.”
Building upon the Flip Video user experience, Flip Video’s new line combines an always-on image stabilization technology with 720p resolution at 60 frames per second (fps). The new Flip Video line is available ion the U.S. starting at just US$149.99.
The new Flip video cameras also come pre-loaded with the latest version of FlipShare, which helps consumers easily organize, edit and share their videos. FlipShare upgrade now includes direct posts to Twitter, Facebook and YouTube.
The Flip Video UltraHD now offers two new models, including the new Flip Video UltraHD 2 hour that also features a new slimmer design. The UltraHD 2 hour is the first Flip video camera to feature FlipPort – a proprietary Flip-designed connector enabling new add-ons options as part of the newly announced Designed for Flip accessory program.